ニヨンはレマン湖のほとりにある美しい街です。到着してからというもの、あいにく曇り空か小雨が続いていますが、一瞬晴れ間が見えたとき、雪に覆われたアルプス山脈が目の前に広がっていて、その神々しさに思わず涙腺が…。街には草花の香りが漂っています。思わず深呼吸します。いい空気です。





An Outsider Eye Inside a Mental Institution
— Interview by Ruth Berdah-Canet
Kazuhiro Soda, Japan born and NY based filmmaker, could very well be the symbol of this daring and talented new generation of filmmakers the documentary industry desperately needs. For his second observational work, his independent spirit brought him behind the closed door of a mental institution in Japan.
- Did the little Kazuhiro Soda always dream about becoming a filmmaker?
No, I wanted to become so many different things. I first wanted to become a baseball player but I grew up and got bored. I then turned my interest on the stars and planets and I even built a telescope. Yet again, I got bored and moved to computers. I programmed video games when I was 12 or 13 years old and sold them to magazines to make a little pocket-money. But, I got bored again! After that, I was really interested in the English language and wanted to become an interpreter, but guess what happened… I got bored! It wasn’t until I was 21 years old that I wanted to become a filmmaker.
- How did you come to the idea of making Mental?
When I entered Tokyo University, I became the editor in chief for the university’s newspaper. It was a left-wing paper and I thought I could change the world by using my pen. I had a lot of responsibilities for the newspaper and worked, worked, and worked. I came to the point where I did not sleep for days, and I found myself unable to do anything. When I tried to write an article, I felt like throwing up. I immediately thought I had a mental problem, so I went to see a psychiatrist on campus who told me “you have the burn-out syndrome,” which made sense to me. I quit the job on the spot and took the first train back to my hometown in Tochigi-ken, and slept for days. I recovered in one week, but I never returned to the paper. This experience really changed my perception on mental illness. I used to think mental patients were like aliens from other planets, and I had nothing to do with them. But in fact, anybody can be mentally ill.
- This inside look into a mental institution takes us behind the stage and excites our curiosity. What did you want to unveil by doing this documentary?
I always felt like there is an invisible curtain which divides “the healthy” and “the ill.” The world of the mentally ill is right there, but people pretend that there’s not such a thing. It’s a big taboo. So, I wanted to get rid of the curtain and see what is going on behind it. Basically, I visited the clinic as an outsider, met with all these people, then left. And what I tried to do was to recreate my experience in the cinematic reality so that the audience could feel as if they visited the clinic themselves. People can have this virtual experience and freely interpret it in their own way. This is the concept of my “observational documentary.” But it doesn’t mean my film is objective. Actually, because I created my film through my own point of view, it’s very subjective. However, because I don’t use any narration, music, or super-imposed titles, the viewers are not forced to see the film in a certain way. My film is open to many different interpretations.
- Recently, documentary films’ popularity has increased. Michael Moore produces almost one documentary per year. Yet they fall into a different category than your work. You seem to make a specific point working harder to avoid giving too much info…
That is true. Moore is a very skillful filmmaker but his documentaries are flat because they are made to convey his message. It is almost like a thesis. He comes up his message first, and then he collects the evidence to prove he’s right. But I am not a teacher or a crusader. I start from the opposite end of the process. I see and observe what is going on and I gradually find my theme, I don’t find my theme until 3-4 months into editing. I want to return to the original idea of documentary filmmaking. My main influence is Frederick Wiseman, who is a champion of “Direct Cinema” documentary. The world is too complex to be described only in black and white. There are no absolute good guys and bad guys. We are all very complicated and this is what fascinates me. I try to depict the world as it is through my point of view.
- These people in Mental are very engaging, and you have to feel compassionate for them and the social challenges they face. How did you detach and go back to a “normal” life?
When I operate the camera, even if I am listening to everything my subjects say, I am also wondering if I have a good angle, a good light… So, I don’t get too absorbed in the conversations. I was also trying to keep a little distance at all times; even if I was really tempted to become like best friends with them. But it was tougher to do so than when I was making Campaign, my previous documentary, where I was successful at being invisible or “a fly on the wall.” Nobody cared about me. But at the mental clinic, the patients kept talking to me while my camera was rolling. They would not allow me to be invisible. I was puzzled and did not know how to handle it, and if I should include this interaction or not in the movie. But, the essence of the documentary is the relationship between the camera and the subject, so I decided to include my presence in the film.
- You are always on the fringe in the movie between healthy and non-healthy people. The cross-over is so easy.
Yes, and it was OK for me operating the camera, but for my wife who listened to the patients beside me without a camera, it wasn’t. She’s not a filmmaker but she was there to help me out. She was very affected by the experience during the 30 days we shot at the clinic. She became sick and even made an appointment with Dr. Yamamoto (the doctor in Mental)! I was worried as a husband, but a bit excited as a filmmaker. What a bad husband. I tried to shoot her consultation with the doctor, but she refused! I missed possibly the best scene. She’s totally recovered now, though.
- What is your next curiosity?
I am shooting my next movie Theater (working title) which is about a playwright Hirata Oriza and his company Seinendan. I’ve already shot over 300 hours of footage. I don’t know yet what kind of movie it’s going to be, but I will find out during the editing process. When completed, Campaign, Mental, and Theater could be a trilogy. Campaign depicted the core of the Japanese society and the people who represent the social values. Mental is the opposite, it’s about the people at the fringe of the society, the ones who cannot accept the mainstream values. But in Theater, the artists are the subjects. They’re not at the core or the fringe of the society. They’re somewhere in the middle. It will be very interesting to see the three films together side by side.










人間に迫るということが、ドキュメンタリー映画であろうがフィクション映画であろうが、いちばん大きな課題であるようだ。それを静かながら強くやっているのが想田和弘監督の『精神』である。このドキュメンタリー映画は岡山のある外来の精神科治療所の数人の患者とそこで働く医師とスタッフのポートレートであり、想田監督は素朴な撮影スタイルで丁寧に人々を描いている。タブー視したくないと患者の顔にモザイクをかけず、じっと状況を観察し、人々の話に耳を澄ませる。健常者と精神病を持つ人の間には大した距離がないことが映画から伝わり、逆に精神病を嫌がりタブー化する社会が病んでいるのではないかという問いが自分の中で生まれる。それでも匿名ではなくフランクにカメラの前で自分の病いを語る患者の勇気には圧倒された。日本では初夏より公開が決まっているが、そうすると登場している人々たちは社会と強く向き合う必要があるだろう。それは危険じゃないかという日本人の観客の質問に対して監督は覚悟の上で映画を作ったと語る。この映画に登場してもらうまでに患者の人々と築く信頼関係、何度も登場を迷う患者、一ヶ月間で撮った素材を10ヶ月間もかけて編集し、そういうプロセスを重ねて来た映画だからこそ、揺るげないコミュニケーションが起きるのだろう。人を見つめるというやさしく強い眼差しがこの映画にはある。






ホテルに帰って一息ついた後は、ドキュメンタリー『精神』の鑑賞へ。ニューヨーク在住の想田和弘監督が、撮影30日、編集10ヶ月をかけて作り上げた作品で、釜山国際映画祭・最優秀ドキュメンタリー賞を受賞するなど、世界中から注目が集まっている映画。タイトルからも察しが付くように、現代の日本に生きる精神を患っている人々の素顔を追いかけています。そんな重いテーマを深夜に見るのは正直キツいかも……と、多少の不安はありましたが、気が付けば135分が経過。複雑な心境でエンディングを迎えていたのです。そして、驚いたのは真夜中にもかかわらず多く人が鑑賞していたこと。これには監督自身も驚いていたよう。
さらに、その後のティーチインは1時間に及び、ゆうばり映画祭史上最長のティーチインという記録まで樹立してしまったのです。賛否両論ではありましたが「観客に考える余地を与えるものが作りたかった」という監督の意図に、私たちは見ごとはまったということです。“観察映画”と言われるこの『精神』。決して楽しい映画ではないですが、ここまで人々を考えさせる、論じさせる映画は久々でした。6月に公開となるので、気になる方はチェックしてみてください。ちなみに、1時間のティーチインの後、会場の外に出てから観客同士でトークが始まり、途中から監督も加わって1時間以上立ち話に。ホテルの部屋に戻っても話が尽きることはなく、ルームメイトと朝の4時まで話し込んでしまいました。
(text/photo:Rie Shintani)



ゆうばり国際ファンタスティック映画祭は1日、閉会式を行い、グランプリに入江悠(ゆう)監督(29)の「SR サイタマノラッパー」を選んだほか、道知事賞や審査員特別賞を発表した。2日午後1時から市民会館でグランプリ受賞作を上映し、閉幕する。28日深夜から1日にかけては精神障害者の生活を追ったドキュメンタリー「精神」や小学生の妊娠・出産を描いた「コドモのコドモ」など、社会派の話題作を次々上映、その後の討論会では、監督と観客との間で熱く長い対話が続いた。
「精神」は、前作「選挙」で自民党による選挙運動の舞台裏を赤裸々に描いた想田和弘監督が、岡山市内の診療所に通う統合失調症やそううつ病の人たちにカメラを向けた「観察映画」の2作目。
討論会は午前2時近くまで続いた。想田氏は学生時代に精神の変調をきたして診察を受けた経験を語り、世間の精神病に対する「偏見のカーテン」を除去したかったと説明。モザイクの使用も「撮られる側の人権を守るためではなく、撮る側を守るための責任放棄だ」として一切拒否、撮影相手に同意を取ることを徹底した裏話を披露した。
会場からは「病気や死と直面することで深く考えるようになり、逆に豊かな人生を送っている人がいることを知った」などの声が聞かれた。






Japanese cinema at the Berlin Film Festival, which closed on Sunday, was represented by a rich selection that ranged from children’s docu-fiction to hardcore trash. Reporter Anne Thomas was impressed by two films in particular.
"Mental” (“Seishin”), an extremely sensitive documentary by Soda Kazuhiro and “Deep in the Valley” (“Yanaka Boshoku”), a beautifully-shot cross between fiction and documentary by Funahashi Atsushi, both tell the story of communities isolated from the mainstream.
ドキュメンタリー「選挙」が07年のフォーラム部門で話題を呼んだ想田和弘監督は今回、精神科診療所の患者、医師たちを見つめた「精神」で招かれた。満席となる回が出るなど、関心を集めた。
質疑応答で撮影の苦労を尋ねられると、監督は「日本のテレビドキュメンタリーのように患者の顔を隠したり、声を変えたりしたくなかった。撮影をお願いしても、10人中、8、9人には断られた」と振り返った。
(中略)フォーラム部門は前身の時代の91年から、園監督に目を付け、今回が4作目。2度目の想田、舩橋両監督もおり、映像作家の成長を見守っていく意志が感じられる。



The next series standout is Kazuhiro Soda's Mental (February 20), about the depressed, neurotic, and otherwise paralyzed patrons of a Japanese psychiatric clinic. Hitting hard with a few quick, numbing consultations, Soda then slowly and compassionately circulates among patients and staff. Though the film is noted for breaking Japanese taboo-powered silence about mental illness, I haven't seen many American documentaries as devoted to stalled-out minds. Soda's appreciation for his subjects' desperate resilience and camaraderie is balanced by an unappeasable crank monopolizing the community-center phone at the film's conclusion.
Mental (dir. Kazuhiro Soda) – As Neil Young has already indicated, this film may test the patience of some, but for me this observational documentary about a Japanese mental health facility is worthy of the mantle of Soda’s idol Frederick Wiseman. The film extends itself to its subjects, allowing them to express themselves in their own time, making up for the gross neglect paid them in a society where the mentally disabled are kept well from view. This cinematic act of generosity eventually reaps ample rewards as the patients’ oddly lucid musings on the purpose of their lives and their struggles with happiness and compulsive thoughts of suicide lead to a startling universality. If the Berlinale gave awards for the “performances” of documentary subjects, surely one would go to Sugano, a brilliant but fragile ex-social worker who directs his own scenes and whose poetry provides the script for one of the most emotionally affecting scenes of the festival so far.








Dr. Yamamoto Masatomo is seeing patients. The woman who enters his office recounts, completely distraught, how she wanted to kill herself the previous night because her friends have abandoned her. Dr. Yamamoto tells her to ask her friends why they abandoned her – and promptly calls for the next patient. At first the doctor comes across as a callous old codger whose licence should be taken away, perhaps because he's too old to be any good at his job. But by the end of the film, which observes over a lengthy period the doctor, his working method, the patients and the staff at his outpatient mental health clinic Chorale Okayama in Japan, you want to kneel in reverence before this man whom his patients compare with Buddha.
Mental is at the same time a simple and yet monumental documentary film. With a high degree of empathy with people who suffer from mental illness, the director manages to present this special clinic as a microcosm in which all the fundamental questions of our time are asked. The film gives no answers; rather it is a humanist appeal – and an unusual declaration of love to the civilizing secrets of Japanese culture.
Dorothee Wenner
At the Forum 2009, filmgoers won’t just have the chance to discover a wealth of new names and cinematic signatures. A whole range of filmmakers who have already shown one or more films at previous editions of the Forum will also be making a welcome return.
Japanese director Soda Kazuhiro is, for example, just one of the 16 directors back with us this year; his debut Campaign was shown at the Forum in 2007. His new film Mental (Seishin) is an equally original and uncompromising filmic observation. His compatriot Funahashi Atsushi should also still be fresh in audience’s memories: his road movie Big River was shown at the Forum in 2006; his new film Deep in the Valley is a melancholy story set in Tokyo with a strong documentary leaning......(continued)
